… works. They consist of his views on sensory perception, God and Nature. He considers the problems of the sources and nature of knowledge; the validity of truth; the nature and destiny of man; the existence of god, and the creation of the universe.…

… in an unfinished work of 1628 titled Rules for the Direction of the Mind. The first 12 of the planned 36 rules deal with the general aspects of his proposed methodology, and are considered early versions of principles which made their way into his later…

… theory of rationalism: that is if someone truly knows something then they could not possibly be mistaken. He provides solid arguments for what his meditations stand for, and how he obtained a clear and distinct perception of "innate" ideas. In his…

… like David Hume, struggle with eliminating falsity, while others, like Rene Descartes, look for causes to explain effects. A cause and effect argument is called a causal argument. Descartes is interested in logic, one truth progressing to the next. De…

… is a complex one. In many ways, he constructs a convincing argument for the existence of the self, and for the process of the thinking being, the essence of that self. In this meditation on his philosophy, Descartes on numerous attempts tries to…

… on this planet that we call Earth. We toil over the land, and in return we receive provisions off of which we live. Even though we get all that we need from this bountiful land, we still for some reason feel like we need to alter it. In doing so we also…

… argues that Modern science is experimental because it uses the experiment to understand nature. According to him, this is true because nature can be explained by the cause-effect relationship. Modern science uses the experiment to prove events that…

… developed a monopoly over the lawmaking process, the armed forces, and the bureaucracy to meet the needs of the state. In order to have a successful modern state they first needed a powerful ruler. Fredrick the Great of Prussia used his power and…

… except the mind. Whoever controls the mind controls everything. Therein lies the secret of absolute power” (Rapoport 1989) Has this method been used by most of the well known bloodiest dictators in history? The answer is most definitely “yes!” Every…

… of facts, data, knowledge, already acquired, is suggestions, inferences, conjectured meanings, suppositions, tentative explanations:--ideas, in short.” --John Dewey Out of the authors that I have read this year, Alfred North Whitehead and John…