labor
labor
The Industrial Revolution was dawning in the United States. At Lowell, Massachusetts,
the construction of a big cotton mill began in 1821. It was the first of several that would
be built there in the next 10 years. The machinery to spin and weave cotton into cloth
would be driven by water power. All that the factory owners needed was a dependable
supply of labor to tend the machines.
As most jobs in cotton factories required neither
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a percentage of the total work force, unions have responded by broadening their organizing efforts
to include employees of federal, state and local governments as well as other professionals. Organizers have also
waged long campaigns to unionize and win better conditions for such diverse groups as public school teachers
and seasonal farm workers.
By the early 1990s, the work force was changing. First. the pool of workers was no longer expanding as r
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