Sports with the highest occurance of shin splints are long distance running, jogging, sprinting, race walking, cross country skiing, soccer, and volleyball. There are numerous theories to why athletes are plagued by shin splints, medial tibial stress syndrome. Some of these include non-supportive shoes in combination with running on hard surfaces which causes excessive force reduction and absorption by the lower leg musculature and joint structures instead of the environment. These force-reducing muscles are usually …showed first 75 words of 357 total…

…showed last 75 words of 357 total…digitorum longus muscles are often affected. An athlete may exhibit pain or weakness with plantar flexion and inversion of the ankle and also palpable pain deep to the achillies tendon. 15 Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome is characterized by sharp pain present on the distal one-half of the medial aspect of the tibia. The two most common causes for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome are excessive running and over-pronation, which stresses the medial aspect of the lower leg.