Glucose
Title: Glucose
Category: /Science & Technology
Details: Words: 377 | Pages: 1 (approximately 235 words/page)
Glucose
Category: /Science & Technology
Details: Words: 377 | Pages: 1 (approximately 235 words/page)
Extracting energy from glucose
Two different pathways are involved in the metabolism of glucose: one anaerobic
and one aerobic. The anaerobic process occurs in the cytoplasm and is only
moderately efficient. The aerobic cycle takes place in the mitochondria and is
results in the greatest release of energy. As the name implies, though, it
requires oxygen.
Anaerobic metabolism
Glucose in the bloodstream diffuses into the cytoplasm and is locked there by
phosphorylation. A glucose molecule
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for each starting pyruvate.
Energy accounting
Each NADH will be oxidized to NAD, generating three ATPs (although it ``costs''
one ATP to transfer the NADHs generated during anaerobic metabolism into the
mitochondria for reduction). For each molecule of glucose we can calculate the
useable energy produced:
Anaerobic
Consumed: 2 ATP
Produced: 8 ATP
_____________________________
Net: 6 ATP
Aerobic
Consumed: 0 ATP
Produced: 2x 15 ATP
_____________________________
Net: 30 ATP
Thus, for each glucose that enters the muscle, up to 36 ATPs can be generated.